Issue Raised from the Carlson SAN Mixing Equipment Free Essay Example, 750 words

The issues related to multiple vendor purchases are many such as the cost related issue. Purchasing from multiple vendors will lead to weak relations with the vendor and non-assurance of quality goods. This will lead to the damage of the SAN efficiency regarding providing proper control of data and security. Carlson SAN might face the other issue related to quality and assurance of security due to the lack of reliable raw material purchase from the multiple vendors. This will also, in turn, affect the supply chain management system of the SAN owing to the mixing of equipment from multiple vendors (Tate et al. , 2012). The prudent option for the management to address the probable issues can be to purchase the raw material from a single trusted vendor. This will facilitate to form a strong relationship with the vendor in the long run and hence aid to provide a quality product. This will further enable SAN to build greater efficiency regarding the storage of data in a risk-free manner. Besides, the cost will be lowered as the vendor might provide discounts. A single vendor can also be trusted to provide the best quality product. We will write a custom essay sample on Issue Raised from the Carlson SAN Mixing Equipment or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The cost regarding the IP SAN is less as compared to the performance provided. Without incurring the infrastructure hassle, the IP SAN can assist by providing better services regarding the storage and security of data (Bhagat, n.d. ).

Crazy Eddie Case Analysis Essay - 722 Words

In Crazy Eddie Case, a former CPA, Sam E. Antar, was a key individual who helped Eddie Antar mastermind one of the largest securities frauds uncovered during the 1980s. Sam admitted that he had no empathy whatsoever for investors because he never concerned about morality or the suffering of those victims. Next I’ll analysis Crazy Eddie Case from ethical perspective and use Ethical Decision Making Model to evaluate Sam’s possible behaviors. 1. Frame the ethical issue: Should Sam join his cousin and become a willing participant in the massive fraud? 2. Gather all the facts: (1)Eddie had financed Sam’s college degree in accounting and hired him to serve as the CFO. (2)Eddie kept skimming cash from his private business to avoid†¦show more content†¦No in this case, because the company was closely held and collusion of top management can always circumvent internal controls. 6. Identify the accounting and auditing issue: (1) Crazy Eddie’s behavior of overstating year-end inventory is against GAAP requirements. (2)Management has the responsibility to fairly present financial statements in accordance with GAAP. 7. List all the possible alternatives that you can or cannot do: (1)Keep going along with Eddie and fooling those investors. (2) Refuse to cooperate anymore and consider resigning from CFO’s position. (3) Successfully persuading Eddie to stop committing fraud and to restate prior year statements. (4)Eddie refuses to stop the series of fraud, so Sam fully discloses the information to public. 8. Compare and weigh the alter natives: (1)It’s against the SEC laws and inconsistent with GAAP standards; unfair to stockholders; uncertainty about how long the company can cover up the deficiencies which keep growing with the company; honesty and integrity are challenged. (2)Loyalty to Eddie and the company is challenged. No more personal financial benefit can be generated from the rising stock price and the CFO position any more. Investors are still kept in the dark. (3) The company’s stock price may drop significantly when investors learn about the truth; company may face bankruptcy due to loss of public confidence. The wealth of Eddie’s whole family will shrink seriously. (4) While Eddie mayShow MoreRelatedCrazy Eddie Case1455 Words   |  6 Pagescrazy eddiCase 1.8 Crazy Eddie, Inc. Term A2/Spring 2013 March 19, 2013 Table of Contents Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Facts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Analysis and Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Issues 1. Compute key ratios and other financial measures for Crazy Eddie during the period 1984-1987. Identify and briefly explain the red flags in Crazy Eddie’s financial statements that suggested the firm possess a higher-than-normalRead MoreThe Case Study Analyzes Crazy Eddie2010 Words   |  9 PagesThe case study analyzes Crazy Eddie. Crazy Eddie was convicted of white collar crime through fraud triangle. Crazy Eddie involved in fraud through incentives, opportunity and rationalization. Crazy Eddie reported lacking rationalization but confirmed that incentives and opportunity were working. The company also reported lacking morality and excuses. Crazy Eddie executed its business without taking into account moral implications of doing business. Crazy Eddie illegally adjusted returns to avoidRead MoreCrazy Eddie1931 Words   |  8 PagesCrazy Eddie, Inc. Common Size Balance Sheets March 1, 1987 March 1, 1986 March 1, 1985 May 31, 1984 Cash 3.17% 10.47% 33.99% 3.76% Short-term investments 41.36% 21.14% 0.00% 0.00% Receivables 3.68% 1.77% 4.18% 7.12% Merchandise inventories 36.99% 47.16% 40.51% 63.83% Prepaid expenses 3.61% 1.86% 0.98% 1.41% Total current assets 88.81% 82.40% 79.66% 76.12% Restricted cash 0.00% 2.64% 10.77% 0.00% Due from affiliates 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 15.69% Property, plant and equipmentRead MoreCrazy Eddie Essay2255 Words   |  10 PagesCrazy Eddie Case Questions 1. Compute key ratios and other financial measures for Crazy Eddie during the period 1984-1987. Identify and briefly explain the red flags in Crazy Eddie’s financial statements that suggested the firm posed a higher-than-normal level of audit risk. There were several red flags in Crazy Eddie’s financial statements. The company’s higher-than-normal level of audit risk can be determined by completing a ratio analysis of the financial statements. An analysis of key ratiosRead MoreAuditing Cases22626 Words   |  91 PagesAdditional Cases for the Course The case readings have been developed solely as a basis for class discussion. The case readings are not intended to serve as a source of primary data or as an illustration of effective or ineffective auditing. Reprinted by permission from Jay C. Thibodeau and Deborah Freier. Copyright  © Jay C. Thibodeau and Deborah Freier; all rights reserved. 1†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ ( Case 61  ® Enron Enrori’s First Few Years hi~ 1985 Enron had assets along the three major stages of the supplyRead MoreYouth Sports Are Not Becoming Too Intense Essay1894 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis: The purpose of this paper is to argue the fact that youth sports are not becoming too intense. After reading the New York Times article I decided to pick this topic and argue against this theory because as a division one athlete I have my own opinions. I picked three sources which can back up and prove that sports being too intense is very much your own opinion. Introduction: Being a professional athlete is one of the most commonly heard dreams of a young boy or girl who currently elementaryRead MoreThe Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Hollywood Cinema2881 Words   |  12 Pagescharacters did not really begin until the 1920s, but even then they were almost exclusively cast to play the very same stock characters popularized in the previous decades by white actors in black-face, such as the high-stepping and high-falutin and crazy as all get-out [ ¦] black jester (Bogle 19). Thus, one can quite reasonably say that at least at the beginning, the lack of roles for black and biracial actors was clearly the result of blatant, unabashed racism, because practically all non-whiteRead MoreWaste Management33554 Words   |  135 PagesThe case was prepared by Mark S. Beasley, Ph.D. and Frank A. Buckless, Ph.D. of North Carolina State University and Steven M. Glover, Ph.D. and Douglas F. Prawitt, Ph.D. of Brigham Young University, as a basis for class discussion. It is not intended to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. copyright  © 2009 by Pearson education, inc., upper saddle river, nJ 07458 89 section 4: accounting fraud and auditor legal liability USE OF CASE ThisRead MoreRetail Store Design and Layout15254 Words   |  62 PagesVirtual store |38 | |14. |Virtual store |45 | |15. |Case study |50 | |16. |Bibliography |60 | INDEX Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesJamaicans regard as their cultural contribution to the world. Later I will return to these issues and will demonstrate how they contribute to the routinization of Rastafari in Jamaica. The nature of this book dictates a heavy reliance on documentary analysis. My focus is interpretation not ethnography. Therefore, I have not sought to generate primary data on the movement but to analyze and re-analyze the growing body of scholarly and popular literature on the movement, including sociological and anthropological

The path way to teaching and studying free essay sample

Unlike Piaget’s view that children’s development must necessarily come first their learning, Lev Vygotsky argues that social learning comes before development. Vygotsky’s theories stressed the fundamental role of social interaction in the development of cognition, as he placed more emphasis†¢ on culture affecting cognitive development, he believed that cognitive development varies across cultures. In contrast, Piaget states that cognitive development is mostly universal across cultures;†¢ on social factor contributing to the cognitive development, in other words, the environment in which children grow up will influence how they think and what they think about;†¢ on the role of language in cognitive development, as cognitive development results from an internalization of language;†¢ adults are an important source of cognitive development, as adults pass on their cultures tools of intellectual adaptation that children internalize.Sigmund Freud d eveloped a topographical model of the mind; he used the analogy of an iceberg to describe the three levels of the mind. We will write a custom essay sample on The path way to teaching and studying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the surface of the iceberg is consciousness, which consists of those thoughts that are focused on our attention now. The preconscious consists of all which can be retrieved from memory. The third level is the unconscious, primitive impulse and wishes, as the real cause of the most behavior. He used the similarity of the iceberg because the most important part of the mind is the part you cannot see. So a primary assumption of the Freudian theory is that the unconscious mind governs behavior to a greater degree than people suspect. And the main task of psychoanalyzing is to make the unconscious conscious.According to S. Freud theory of Psychosexual Development and the Oedipus complex, children are born with a libido. There are a number of stages of childhood, during which the child seeks pleasure from a different object – a particular body part. Freud outlined these stages as an oral and anal when Ego develops, and a phallic, latency and genital, when the Superego develops. The mind is having three aspects, such as the Id, the conscious mind, basic needs and feelings, the pleasure principles; Ego and Superego, the unconscious mind, need to be well balanced to have a good mental health. Superego is a moral part of the mind, and Ego is the reality principle. As an example, when a child hurt another child. So the aggressor can tell a lie and deny it or start to cry because they know what they have done wrong. Sigmund Freud believed, that each stage of child’s development directly related to a specific needs and requirements. He suggested that if the child doesn’t successfully complete the stage, they rather develop a fixation, and fixation will influence to adult’s personality and behavior later.

Information Technology Changes in Business Strategic IT analysis

Introduction The need to adopt strong strategic initiatives is the natural follow-up to the analysis undertaken on Medical Devices Contract Manufacturing (MDCM), to unearth systemic failures in the company’s operations. The need for the development of strategic measures to solve the supply chain bottlenecks come from the desire to turn around the financial performance of MDCM.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Information Technology Changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process for doing this requires the identification of relevant IT projects that have the best chance of solving MDCM’s problems, followed by an evaluation of the projects to assess their suitability to the company in terms of the impact they will have as solutions to the problem, and whether the company can implement them within its resources. A sequenced list showing the most optimal proj ect will be the output of the evaluation process after the identification of the relevant projects. IT Projects Appropriate for MDCM The previous report contained a number of strategic and tactical initiatives required to turn around the operations of the company. The basic elements in these measures focused on improvements in the supply chain, improvement in information sharing between departments and consolidation of operations in various sections of the company. The most significant element of the strategies that came out in the analysis was the need to utilize IT systems to smooth out the operations of the company. The specific tasks identified included the use of an information platform to streamline marketing by making it possible to develop and execute a consistent marketing strategy across different subsidiaries operating in different markets. Secondly, the report identified the need to streamline the supply chain to ensure that there was an effective procurement regime to r educe productions costs and to reduce the turnaround time. Thirdly, the report identified the need to increase the innovative edge of the company by increasing the number and the quality of new products. In addition, the company needs to find ways of raising the entry barriers for the fresh and upcoming competition. Another need the report identified was the need to revamp RD activities at the company to bolster its product range and to improve its standing among competitors. A number of specific IT based projects that can help the company to achieve its strategic objectives. The projects include the implementation of an enterprise resource planning system, creation of a company intranet, consolidation of datacenters and networks, standardization of server hardware, improvement of group support systems, creation of a customer self service portal, and the implementation of a new supply chain management software.Advertising Looking for case study on it? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to decide on the most appropriate set of projects to work on, there is need to revisit the basic problems bedeviling the company and their impact on the business. The first problem in the company is the high cost of production in most of its manufacturing plants because of a poor supply chain. There is a very weak order processing system, both for inputs to the company’s plants and outputs to clients. Secondly, there is need to improve information flow to all employees to ensure that they can make decision quick enough. Currently, information flow is a major impediment to the work of section managers. Thirdly, the company is under increasing threat from new entrants to the market, and smaller operators with better efficiencies in their operations. Most of these problems have brought greater internal costs that hamper the efficient operations of the company. The appropriate set of solutions, based on the compan y’s strategic objectives, should solve as many of these problems as possible. The solution needs to be easy to deploy and maintain in the long term. The perfect solution will also rely on existing technologies, or will require minimum investment in proprietary technologies. Table 1 below shows how the specific projects discussed above measure up against this criterion. Project Name Reducing the cost of production Improving information flow to all employees Ease of deployment and maintenance Total Enterprise resource planning 5 1 3 9 Creation of a company intranet 4 5 3 12 Consolidation of data centers and networks 4 5 4 13 Standardization of server hardware 2 4 2 8 Improvement of group support systems 4 4 3 11 Creations of a customer self service portal 4 1 4 9 Implementation of a supply chain management software 5 4 2 11 Scale: 1-least impact, 5 most impact Table 1: Analysis of the projects based on their impact on the strategic objectives The analysis above shows that the most beneficial projects in an overall sense are creation of a company intranet, consolidation of data centers and networks, improvement of group support systems and the implementation of a supply chain management software. However, the best portfolio of projects will be the ones that create the most value for the company across various criteria. This means that the best way to approach this problem is to identify the best collection of projects that answer the problems of the company in the most effective and complete fashion, and which at the same time ranks well under ease of deployment and maintenance.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Information Technology Changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are two optimum options for reducing the cost of production in the company. The first one is the use of enterprise resource planning while the secon d one is the implementation of supply chain management software. The two options promise to increase the efficiency of the supply chain. They are both capable of improving the business processes at the company by providing a way to approach the bottlenecks in the supply chain. The important issue to determine is the overall benefits that the company will derive if it implements either of the systems. The enterprise resource-planning project will allocate the resources of the firm in the most efficient manner while the supply chain management project, will ensure that there is a smooth flow of supplies leading to reduced production prices. In the matter of improving information flow to the employees, the highest ranked projects are the creation of a company intranet and the consolidation of data centers. An intranet will ensure that there is a proprietary link in the entire company such that managers and decision makers can access information they need from another part of the compan y without undue delay. This can improve the quality of decisions and the speed of implementation of business projects. Consolidation of data centers on the other hand will also centralize information. This will make it possible for managers to access the information they need using the legacy systems in use now. The advantage of this system is that it will use most of the current infrastructure thereby reducing the need for fresh IT investments. In the long term, there would be need to improve the methods of access but as things stand, it is the best solution for making information available. Evaluation of Projects The above analysis notwithstanding, there is further need to analyze the projects using the portfolio application matrix. The matrix features two main criteria. The first criterion is the ability to succeed or the degree of risk inherent in the project while the second one is the value the project brings to the business. Each of the two scales goes from zero to one hundre d. Table 2 below shows that values obtained from analyzing these two criteria against the projects listed for this strategic initiative. Likelihood of success Value to business A Enterprise resource planning 60 69 B Creation of a company intranet 77 64 C Consolidation of data centers and networks 75 59 D Standardization of server hardware 49 45 E Improvement of group support systems 67 73 F Creation of a customer self service portal 69 87 G Implementation of a supply chain management software 53 87 Table 2: Estimated values for the different projects in the product matrixAdvertising Looking for case study on it? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The next step after determining the percentage of each of the variables for each project the next task is comparing the values obtained for each of these projects against the portfolio application matrix. Table 3: Portfolio application matrix The matrix assigns the projects to four possible areas as shown in figure three below. Most of the projects lay in the top left section of the graph. The table shows that most of the projects have a high-risk status but they also promise the highest value for the business. There is only one project in the first quadrant that has moderate risk and moderate returns for the company. This is the standardization of the hardware server. The implementation of supply chain management software will yield the highest level of reward from among the projects, with a matrix score of 87%. This, on the other hand, has a success rate of just 53% showing that it is among the riskiest projects proposed. In this sense, the company has to make a decision on wheth er this is the best project to implement based on these characteristics. The company’s supply chain is the weakest link in the entire business systems. There are delays in delivery of raw materials, and significant delays in the supply of finished products to the clients. These facts support the findings on the matrix. The opportunity available to reduce the risks associated with implementing new supply chain management software is breakdown of the project into smaller parts to reduce the risk of implementing a whole system. The second significant project from the portfolio examined is the development of a customer service portal. The project scored highly on customer service. It can help the company to reduce the losses it takes because of poor customer service. It means that both old and new customers will have a better experience with the company, making it a key element of the projects. The case study revealed the likelihood that the company’s loss of clients came about because of poor customer service among other factors. It is interesting to note that element did not make it to the final list of projects proposed for further development in the initial analysis. It however came through as one that would be easy to implement hence it can form part of the projects that build momentum for the exercise. However, failure to implement it will not be a significant setback provided the rest of the issues that constitute customer service receive attention. Enterprise resource planning is also an important project given that it has a relatively high reward ratio as per the project matrix. This is a project with some risk to it because of its scope. It can also benefit from risk reduction measures such as breaking it down into phases to reduce the risk elements. If there is a glaring lack of institutional systems at the company, then it is the lack of an enterprise resource planning system. The presence of this system would have reduced the probability of making losses by a large margin. Enterprise resource planning systems help an enterprise to allocate its resources, human, financial, and technical, in the most efficient way. It has a real potential of reducing the problems currently affecting the performance of the company. The issue of standardization of server hardware is an opportunity to develop a robust system and can be the source of competitive advantages in the future. Currently, it is possible to use the existing hardware but it will call for the development of different software solutions for each unique platform that runs the common protocols. Standard hardware should make it easy to implement new protocols in all the servers hence it will give the company an increased opportunity to adapt to changes. Sequence of Executing the Initiatives In the end analysis, the projects that should make it to the final list include the supply chain management software. Since the value of this system reduces the overall new benefit s that the company can derive from instituting an enterprise resource planning system, its implementation should be on priority basis at the expense of the enterprise resource planning system. Secondly, the implementation of group support systems will improve the cooperation between departments, which is also the same effect that creation of a company intranet will yield. Since there are systems that can support this initiative, it makes sense to develop those systems as part of the first efforts aiming to deal with the strategic issues. There is some potential benefit in implementing a customer service portal, but its significance reduces with the implementation of the two systems above. Conclusion The role of management in the planning and investing in IT products is critical. However, there is a significant risk of failure to respond to issue in time leading to the nature of problems discussed in the case study. IT has a special place in supporting the strategic goals of any orga nization. It is imperative to align IT resources with the overall strategy of the company. Furthermore, IT has the capacity to enhance the competitive advantage of a company that invests in systems that increase the efficiency of operations. That said it is important to determine IT priorities with the help of the IT department because of their capacity to weigh the relative weight of the investment decisions, and the potential impact of IT on the operations of the project. This case study on Information Technology Changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis was written and submitted by user Tiana Morris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Information Technology changes in Business Strategic IT analysis Introduction The MCDM (medical device contract manufacturing) Inc was established in 1972. The firm is involved in â€Å"contract manufacturing and packaging services of the medical devices industry† (Jeffery and Norton 2).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Information Technology changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has its headquarters in the United States, although it operates other 19 subsidiaries in 35 cities. The company â€Å"specializes in medical device contract and manufacturing and assembly, clean room medical injection molding, and design and fabrication of specialty assembly equipment for medical device manufactures† (Jeffery and Norton 2). In the 1980s, the firm was among the largest corporations in the industry owing to its success in manufacturing medical devices and customer satisfaction. The company promised to offer more to its target market in comparison with its competitors. In 1974, MDCM held 42 percent of the U.S market share and by 1985, it had grown to over 54 percent (Jeffery and Norton 3). The company’s success was boosted by small business acquisitions leading to consolidation and further expansion in the US market. Between 1989 and 1990, MDCM lost its major four out of ten consumers and as a result, the company witnessed a massive decline in profits and revenues. Profit margins began to fall as a result of buyers’ consolidation. The firm’s pricing power was lost as it could no longer compete with other players in the industry on pricing strategy. The company’s market share and profits continued to decline up to 2000 when the management decided to make modifications to reduce internal costs, increase the flow of information, and increase its efficiency. The adoption of information technology enables an organization to cut down its operational and internal costs. Consequ ently, opportunities are realized in three major ways which are business/organization portfolio, competitiveness, and internal costs. Briefly, competiveness means the extra advantage associated with the development of IT leading to a competitive advantage. Internal costs imply the process of improving effectiveness and efficiency of a company thus cutting down costs. Lastly, business portfolio refers to the adoption of IT and its influence on the decision making process of potential investors.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategic objectives of MDCM Based on the case study, the current strategic goals of MDCM are to cut down its operational costs, make information available to different departments in real-time, increase market share, be a market leader of the industry, and reduce internal costs (Jeffery and Norton 1-5). At the moment, the primary strategic objectiv e of MDCM Inc is to cut down the production costs incurred in the process of producing medical merchandise. The case study highlights that reduced costs could be achieved through internal costs as some of the problems noted result from internal environment. For example, the company lacks a proper network system which could be used to connect all the 19 subsidiaries in 35 countries. This has resulted in increased operational costs (Jeffery and Norton 3). The firm’s operating system is outdated and it causes delays in relaying information to the MDCM employees. Lastly, the company lacks a standardized and proper email system that can be used to communicate with its employees. The legacy of the current system increases administration costs such as duty, financial, custom sales, and inspection systems. The other noted strategic objective is to increase its market plan and go global through internationalization and globalization. It is important to note that at one point, the comp any was the largest market shareholder in the medical services industry (Jeffery and Norton 2), but this has since declined. The company once had a market share of 54 percent but due to a decline in its competitive advantage the share decreased (Jeffery and Norton 3). Due to the aforementioned reasons, the company is planning to increase its market share and going global in order to realize market diversification. The company has the strategic objective of becoming a market leader in a market that it once dominated. The company is therefore on a mission to realize the benefits associated with investing in the IT sector in order to add value, increase profits, and expand its market share (Jeffery and Norton 8). Competitive environment in which the firm operates (a competitive forces analysis) MDCM operates in a competitive industry whereby the company is involved in contract manufacturing and packaging services of medical devices (Jeffery and Norton 2). However, in the past four quar ters, the company has been reporting losses. In a competitive market like the medical devices industry, making such losses could be detrimental to a company in the long run. To better determine the competitive environment in which the DCM firm operates, Michael Porter’s 5 competitive forces of market analysis have been adopted. The five forces include presence of potential entrants, presence of perfect substitutes, traditional competitors, suppliers, and bargaining power of buyers/consumers (Porter 12). The forces are presented in the diagram below.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Information Technology changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Figure 1: Porter’s 5-Forces Model (Source: Porter 2008) the medical service industry is a multi-million dollar industry with many competitors. Based on the case study, MDCM used to be the largest player in the industry with 42% market share in 1974. By 1985, the company’s market share had increased to 54% (Jeffery and Norton 3). However, since the 1990s, the company has witnessed a drastic decline in its market share and profitability, thanks in large part to new entrants in the industry. Based on the case study, the company was unable to compete with the prices set by new entrants and rivals. Threat of potential substitute’s products/services: because of the decline in market share and increased cost of producing merchandise, MDCM is prone to potential threat from substitute products and services. The threat has the potential of reducing the company’s competitive advantage relative to its competitors. Traditional rivals: MDCM operates in a competitive market made up of traditional rivals in the US market. These rivals are a real threat to the survival of the firm. Traditional rivals have the capacity of getting MDCM out of business if the company does not undertake a strateg ic response to counter their moves. It is important therefore for the organization to address this issue. The three threats discussed above have the highest potential of affecting MDCM although the bargaining power of both buyers and suppliers have potential effects as well.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic response(s) MDCM should employ to address the most critical strategic threats identified above The three threats mentioned above (that is, traditional rivalry, threats from near entrants, and threats from potential products and services substitutes) need to be addressed if at all the organization wishes to achieve its organizational objectives. The strategic response for new entrants in the market could be addressed by raising the barriers to entry. For example, MDCM could get copyrights and patents for most of its invention and discoveries, thereby prohibiting new entrants in the market. In addition, the firm needs to invest more on information technology to ensure information flows freely from marketers in the field to the production departments. This would ensure that new entrants are discouraged from entering the market as there are no loopholes to take advantage of. The response to customers and suppliers bargaining power could be addressed by switching the costs for the consumer. Switching costs can be defined as the costs resulting from moving from one particular supplier to another supplier with quality services and at low costs. Through a value added IS the cost that would be used to identify a new supplier would be increased hence retaining the existing consumer and supplier. This would suppress the suppliers’ and consumers’ bargaining power. On the other hand, by reducing the switching costs, the organization would be in a position to attract new suppliers. The newly attracted supplier may have better supplier costs making them cost effective than the former suppliers. As a result, the low costs of suppliers would give the organization a competitive advantage in the market. Reduced costs and an increase in competitive advantage would enable the organization to start gaining strength and market share. To prevent the presence of substitute products and services in the market, the organization should consider investing in re search and development. For example, the adoption of the new IT would ensure that the company produces more competitive products thus gaining competitive advantage over its rivals and competitors. This will ensure that the organization is not threatened by the production of potential product substitutes from competitors. Critical tactical objectives for MDCM MDCM should also consider using tactical responses as they would assist the organization to achieve different strategic goals. At the moment, the major tactical objectives of MDCM are increase the switching costs for the consumer, reduce the switching cost of the consumer, produce innovative products, raise the entry barriers, and invest in IT, and R D. To start with, MDCM needs to work on its value chain and improve the value added chain. By adopting IT, the company will be able to improve on its supply chain management, and hence added value chain. In order for the company to achieve competitive advantage over its competitors , it needs to add value to its chain and this would entail better customer care, improved order procession and enquiry, and increased efficiency of these processes. The switching costs can only be influenced through value addition to the company’s product by improving consumers’ and supplier links. The adoption of the anticipated IT would also enable the company to benefit from an increase in consumer switching cost and at the same time, reduce the firms’ supplier switching costs. For instance, the adoption on new IT system would enhance communication greatly. As a result, the company will gain a competitive edge in the market relative to its rivals. Moreover, by enhancing the link between suppliers and consumers, this would enable the company to reduce expenses incurred and at the same time, lower the cost of production. The five forces of Porter could be used to improve the competitive advantage. IT could be used contain the power of new entrants, substitution threat competition, power of supplier, and power of the buyer. The organization can also share data and information with the different subsidiaries and this would enable it to improve the services and products offered to consumers. To start with, this would make it easier to share and respond to inquiries. In addition, the quality of products would also be improved. Furthermore, it would also be easier to share information across different subsidiaries thereby reducing the production cost. By producing innovative products, the firm would gain a competitive advantage. The company can be able to achieve this goal by embracing R D as well as data technology. The innovative products would shield the organization from product substitution threats and decrease the level of rivalry from traditional competitors. By adopting new technology, MDCM will be in a position to identify new suppliers in the market with lower supply costs. The company will also realize a decrease in its expenses su ch as production and internal costs and as a result, the firm could gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in the industry. By switching costs through reduction of the firms’ expenses, the firm would in effect increase its competitive advantage. The organization can cooperate with its rivals though a shared IT system. This would encourage the company to gain price power over buyers thus reducing the buyers bargaining power and improve the price of selling its products. Through cooperation, the company will be able to enjoy high prices thus maximizing on its profits. The adoption of a value added information technology by MDCM will lead to an increase in consumer switching costs. With high consumer switching costs, consumers will be prohibited from switching from one supplier to another thus cutting down the purchasing power of its suppliers thus gaining a competitive advantage. As seen in the case study, the major strategic objective of MDCM is to cut down its productio n costs to manageable levels. Through the introduction of IT, the firm will be able to reduce its administration costs has the firm will not be required to hire more employees to carry out some of the tasks (Tetteh 984). Therefore, substitution of IT for labour will ensure that that production and labor costs are reduced to manageable levels. In addition, the work will be effectively performed and geared towards the realization of the organization strategic goals. Conclusion In conclusion, MDCM has been experiencing a decline in market share and profit margins, and this calls for the adoption of IT to cut down on its costs and increase production. Some of the major strategic objectives identified in the case include reducing operational costs, becoming a market leader, going global, and reducing its internal costs. An alignment of the corporate strategies with the IT objectives would help in the realization of these strategic objectives. In addition, the adoption of IT could lead to value added value chain, thereby helping the organization gain a competitive advantage. An analysis of Porter’s five forces reveals that MDCM is in a position to determine how to achieve a competitive advantage in the market. Some of the solutions identified include increasing and decreasing the supplier and consumer switching costs. Others include raising entry barriers, cooperating with rivals, producing product innovation, substituting labor for IT, and sharing information across the subsidiaries. Works Cited Jeffery, Mark and Joseph F. Norton. MDCM, Inc. (A): It Strategy Synchronization. Harvard Business, 2006, 1-9. Print. Porter, Michael. The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy. Harvard Business  Review, 86.1(2008):78-93. Print. Tetteh, Emmanuel. From Business Networks to Virtual Organisation: A Strategic  Approach to Business Environment Transformation in Online Small and Medium  sized Enterprises. 1999. Web. This case study on Information Technology changes in Business: Strategic IT analysis was written and submitted by user Madelyn Miranda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Badminton vs Tennis free essay sample

Coming to the more serious aspects, both badminton and tennis are played in professional competitions. In both games, players can perform underhand serves. Although tennis players are always seen to serve overhead, they are permitted to serve underhand if they wish to, however at the risk of a powerful return from the opponent. In specifying the similarities between tennis and badminton, one cannot fail to mention that both these games originated from the United Kingdom. As with many sports, badminton and tennis assist in keeping players fit. It also helps to hold off depression and stress. Furthermore, the exercise from badminton is a good relief from insomnia and reduces the chances of sickness due to lack of sleep. Badminton and tennis are played and viewed all around the world, albeit the success differs between countries. In general, tennis is more popular amongst western countries and badminton is more preferable in Asian countries such as China. We will write a custom essay sample on Badminton vs Tennis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page games use a racquet though their designs are different in the shape of the head and the length of the handle. Also, both games have nets over which players have to hit the ball or shuttlecock, however badminton nets are tied at a height of 5 feet, which is further from the ground than tennis nets. Badminton, which claims to be the second most popular sport in the world, is also the fastest, with a shuttlecock speed of up to 400 Km per hour. Although people think both badminton and tennis are alike, the two are quite different in many ways, but there are many merits to the wonderful sport of badminton. What is badminton? Badminton can be played as a hobby or at a profession level. Many health institutions quote that raising your heart rate for a minimum of 30 minutes a day can keep your metabolism at a healthy rate. Badminton is often a whole body work out. When you practice or even play a match, moving quickly around the court, and swinging your racquet for the shots, you are using your whole body, including muscles that you are not aware of. The actions that are involved in badminton will help to tone your muscles as well as burn extra kilojoules and fat. Swinging Your Racquet. There are some similarities between tennis and badminton. On one side, tennis is a high power sport with a ball much heavier than a shuttle, with larger racquets used to hit balls on a more spacious court. On the other side, badminton utilizes a shuttle made of feathers and is played with lighter racquets on a much smaller court. An obvious similarity is that both

Psychology Research Paper Topics

Psychology Research Paper Topics Human psychology and mental health has been of great interest for psychology researchers since ages. Basically, psychology is the study of human behavior, mental functioning and factors that affect them. It is a broad subject that covers various disciplines such as humanities, social sciences and natural sciences. A psychology research paper explains the interactions of these elements of study. To write such a paper, one is required to have vast knowledge on psychology. Many people do not know their area of interest in psychology, making it difficult to write a research paper. Choosing a psychology research paper topic is problematic to some students. There are things that a student has to consider before coming up with a research topic. Psychology is broad and there are different levels of specialization. Relevance of the chosen topic to what you are studying is important. Choosing a relevant topic will make it easier for the student to do enough research. Some topics in psychology are broad; narrowing down to a particular subtopic will be useful. From the subtopics, the student can find an area of study that is suitable and comfortable to deal with. The most popular psychology research paper topics in psychology are; causes and symptoms of stress, mental illness and aging, mental development of special children, relationship between physical illness and stress and role of environment in personality development. These topics have been chosen from various categories within certain topics such as developmental psychology and clinical psychology. A psychology research paper topic can be chosen from two disciplines of study. However, the topics chosen should not be broad. A comparison or contrast of two or more things is preferable. A well chosen topic is easy to research on and makes research interesting. A good work is subject to an excellent grade.

Women and Children of Rape in Bosnia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Women and Children of Rape in Bosnia - Essay Example If rape was not made a top priority crime, then the prosecutors would end up without any witnesses. After a protracted period of time, the victims of rape now want to lead their lives without any interference, and are not interested in the proceedings of the tribunal. They are no longer willing to testify and are of the opinion that it is highly unlikely for them to obtain justice (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished). A European Community’s agency stated that more than twenty thousand Bosnian Muslim women were raped or sexually assaulted by the military forces of Serbia. In this regard, a UN Commission of Experts had observed that the Bosnian Serbs had implemented a policy of systematic rape against the Bosnian Muslim women. They also committed rapes in the detention camps (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished). A number of people have claimed that the rapes carried out by Bosnian Serbs were part of their ethnic cleansing policy. Under this policy Muslims were to be killed and thrown out of their homes and ultimately from the nation. However, the tribunal decided not to prosecute rape as acts of genocide, and most human rights advocates disagreed with this decision of the tribunal. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda had also concluded on these lines. The tribunal must provide counseling, legal advice and relocation arrangements, such as new identities for witnesses of rape crime before, during and after the trial (Bosnia Rapes Continue to Go Unpunished). A European Community mission estimated that nearly twenty thousand Bosnian Muslim women had been raped by the troops during the war. The Health Ministry of Croatia concluded that nearly fifty percent of women, who had been accommodated in the base camps in Bosnia, had been subjected to rape. These military forces even raped children aged six years and women aged eighty years. Hundreds of women and children were assumed to have been killed after being subjected to gang rapes. There had

Week 7 dq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 7 dq - Essay Example It would be wise to therefore disarm him as Attfield recommends that saving human life should not be bargained. 2. I should be tested before getting intimate in the new relationship. From previous relationships, I could have been infected with HIV/AIDS but have never known because I have never been tested. The results could determine the destiny of the relationship and I do not know whether I would continue if found to be HIV positive. My partner would also have to prove with rightful documentation that she has been tested and found to be free of HIV before we get intimate. 3. I would do as the instructor asks me to do and respond as being in New York and not Bridgeport, Connecticut. With every job comes regulations and rules and for one to be successful, these have to be followed to the latter even if they do not make sense or go against one’s moral ethics. After all, so much effort had been put to learn the job and the people calling would not know my location. In case of a situation getting beyond my capacity to handle, then the instructor would advice on the way forward. 4. I accept the arrangement because it gives solutions to the main problem, lack of finance in the family. In as much as the solution goes against moral standards, my family would be saved from financial stress and I would get to go to the school of my desire, Ivy League School. Whatever decisions are made, Attfield argues that there would be costs and

Saudi Arabia's political future in the region Research Paper

Saudi Arabia's political future in the region - Research Paper Example There have been a number of uprisings which in actual fact led to the brining down of 3 Arab leaders, whereas others have been threatened and introduced to a whole new historic period of transformation (Agence France Press 56). These events painted one of the significant features of modern Arab societies which include their huge and growing youth populations. Studies have been undertaken from time to time, indicating the extent which the youth in Arab countries influence the political, social and economic future of the Arab countries (Alexander 87). This is what forms basis in this paper, Saudi Arabia’s Political future in the region. On the other hand, the events of the precedent historical developments in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Syria, Yemen, Morocco and even Oman highlight the advancing position of the youth in shaping the future of this region (Alexander 96). It is therefore evident that Saudi Arabia is facing the Arab Awakening which is strong enough to shift the regions political central force from an old generation of dictators to a new and young generation of democratic leaders. And without warning, the youth of Saudi Arabia are in the fore front more than willing to shape and change the political future of their own country. It is evident that the young people and the entire population of old people in Saudi express a lot of patriotism for King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz for the reason that he is largely perceived as a religious, compassionately and a person who has good interests for the people of Saudi at heart (Schanzer 111). A large number of King Abdulaziz subjects show admiration to his reformist standpoint for instance in various fields like education and the rights of women. Whereas the good regards may not go further than to everybody in the administrative royal family, the political framework of Saudi obtains prevalent and well known authority among Saudis which includes the youth. In March 2011, a call on social media for Saudiâ⠂¬â„¢s â€Å"Day of Rage† was evident. As a matter of fact, this occurred several weeks subsequent to the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak had been thrown out and anxiety in the region was becoming apparent (Alexander 96). However, on the day that the rage was to take center stage, journalists in Riyadh were able to capture only one protestor in the town of five million people. In the real sense there are a number of reasons behind this evident change of mind or lack of interest in the rage anymore. Firstly, there was an intensive police presence which entailed use of helicopters in the Riyadh streets that particular day. Secondly, the government is known to deal severely with those who resist its injunctions or go against/criticize its rules further subjecting them to illogical arrest and long-serving detention (Lynch 43). For instance the â€Å"Day of Rage’s single protester, a forty year old teacher Khalid Al Johani was put to detention moments subsequent to his pu blic declaration to journalists that Saudi Arabia is a â€Å"police state†. Several months soon after, Al Johani was jailed with no charges 4 months (Lynch 43). On the other hand a cluster of a dozen reformist and activists in Jeddah who were deliberating on coming up with a political party, that is prohibited in the Kingdom, were lately sentenced to long serving prison terms of up to thirty years subsequent to undisclosed trial charges,

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco

Management And Leadership Styles In Tesco The aim of this study is to present the management and leadership styles in Tesco in making strategic decisions for the growth of the organisation. However, interviewing one of the mangers at Tesco also helped in gathering information needed to carry out this research. 1.1.1 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Strategic Management is a process whereby the management comes up with strategic ideas and make effective decisions for a goal and plans on how to achieve such goals and objectives for the future of the organisation. Strategic Management consist of the decisions and actions used to formulate and implement strategies that will provide a competitively superior fit between the organisation and its environment, to enable it achieve organisational objectives, Tim Hannagan (2002). 1.1.2 LEADERSHIP Leadership is the bringing together of a group of people and directing them to achieve a common goal. According to James B. Rieley (2006), leadership is all about creating environments in which your company employees can realise their individual and collective potential. There are three main types of leadership namely: the authoritarian leadership which is also known as the dictatorship and this type orders its followers to do various task, democratic leadership allows the group share in decision making and the last one laissez faire leadership a French word which means do it as you like. 1.1.3 THE LINK BETWEEN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP Strategic management focuses on making strategic decisions and leadership implements the decisions that have been made by the management through effective communication to the employees. Leadership engage in evaluation of staff performance for efficiency, they supervise and allocate assignments to their employees and also motivate and reward good performance through recognition leadership by example so that they produce quality work. The strategic management form the mission, values and policies of the organisation. They are the strategic thinkers and strategic decision makers and under them they appoint the CEOs, MDs, President Etc. to run the organisation. These people are considered the key people in strategic management and most responsible for the growth of the company. Success in business stems from good quality management first of all and then the effectiveness in implementation which depends on the skills of leadership, influencing, communication and motivation, John Adair ( 2008). 1.2 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP IN TESCO One of the most popular theories of leadership is the transformational leadership and it means that the leader has vision and passion to achieve great things. 1.2.1 VISION AND MISSION Terry Leah emerged as the C.E.O of the Tesco company in 1997 and he is considered to be a visionary leader that changed the structure of the organisation, Tesco (2010).The company became more focused at achieving its aim on providing quality goods and services to its customers and to develop the companys workforce by identifying the performances of the employees and training them to be a leader. The vision and mission plays an important role in an organisation. The aim of Tesco is to continue to lead in the retail market across the globe and by focusing on this it sets long term objectives and makes strategic decisions on how to achieve its goals with the help of effective leaders. The mission of Tesco on the other hand, is to continue to provide to its internal and external customers by doing the little things that matter thus their mission statement Every little helps. However, it is the responsibility of the managers of each store to lead and motivate the team in order to deliver Tescos promise to its customers. The management believes that the success of a leader depends on maintaining a happy workforce in the organisation by giving a work that is interesting to do, a chance for the employee to move on in life, a manager who will help the employees by identifying their performances and to respect them, Tesco (2010). The well-established strategy for growth has made Tesco gain more advantage over its competitors and made them highly productive and profitable. Furthermore, Tesco values its employees by offering them competitive pay and opportunity to develop a long- term career with good training which keeps the people committed and excited in working in the organisation. They give a performance review by identifying the problems and giving support directing the employees to meet their goals. Tesco takes its employees very important in the organisation as they all work together to support the development of the organisation. They also are determined to look after their employees in a way they are expected to deliver to the customers. Tesco also established an academy which is named Tesco Academy to help groom its employees into becoming future leaders by training them to develop leadership, management and technical skills. 1.2.2 DEMOCRATIC STYLE OF LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING TESCO The management of Tesco adapted a democratic style of leadership which is also known as the participant leadership whereby the employees voices are heard during decision making. The leadership of Tesco motivates the employees and due to this, the organisation continues to provide good services to their customers. It should be noted that the management gives emphasis on the importance of appointing leaders in each department to handle organisational process. The management appoints leadership roles to individuals in the organisation so that everyone is clear about their responsibilities, to implement the strategic decisions through effective communication by having meetings and doing a follow up on the staffs to ensure that they are not drifting away from providing quality services and to ensure that the company operates effectively. The leadership style that is adapted by the management is imitated by the team leaders of each department that are appointed by the managers, which has c hanged the structure of the organisation. E.g. the duty managers in each store lead the employees making decision every day that supports the operation of the store, the duty managers are experts in duty management and they ensure that all team leaders are fully trained, validated and participative. The managers of each store carry out daily and weekly audits to identify and resolve issues in the organisation and also perform operational routine which involves the process to deliver great store standard, better availabilities and great service for customers. As the management style of Tesco is democratic therefore their way of operating is decentralised and information is passed from the higher management to the lower employees and everyone is free to speak and allowed to initiate and contribute effective ideas for the growth of the organisation. The Tesco management empower their employees and they are considered an important asset to the organisation. Tesco motivates employees by giving them rewards and benefits like offering a whole package of other ways to make more money, safeguard their future and look after their health by providing paid holiday, a staff discount card which is issued after one year service and an award winning pension scheme. To improve the management process in Tesco, the leadership style of Tesco also operates a customer management whereby they listen to their customers voice for a better service in the organisation. Tesco is customer oriented and they try to always keep up with their customers by satisfying them and producing what they need. 1.3 ADAPTION OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AT TESCO IN VARIOUS SITUATIONS Tesco has been able to adapt the democratic style of leadership because of the flat structure that enables every staff to be a part of the success of the organisation. The management and leadership style in Tesco has shown its effectiveness in supporting the organisation to continue to grow. At Tesco they are committed to helping their staffs find the best job, hours and support to suit their needs. Whether it is religious requirements, support for illness or disability or for any other reasons the management understands and tries to be flexible in order to carry the employees along in any strategic change. High performance management is an important factor in Tesco, everyone has a role to play and each role is aimed at making sure the best is done for every customer. However, the strategies of Tesco has given them an edge over their competitors and even made them grow well through the economic recession. Therefore, in order for Tesco to focus and keep up with continuous growth the managers use other types of leadership styles like the autocratic style just to ensure that the employees carry out the task at a given time. 1.3.1 CONCLUSION From my research, the success of Tesco shows that the culture, structure and management style of the organisation is flexible, flat and power is decentralised, everyone has the right to speak and the voices of the employees are heard. Focusing on their long term strategies has helped them to continue to grow stronger for the future. However, the democratic style of leadership in Tesco has made the organisation continue to lead in the retail market.

Memory and Process Manager Functionality Introduction to Operating Systems †Pos/355 Essay

The Operating System Every computer, tablet, and/or smartphone has an operating system. The operating system is â€Å"software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run. It is comprised of system software, or the fundamental files your computer needs to boot and function†. (â€Å"Techterms.com†, 2013). Windows, Linux and Mac OS X are some of the more common operating systems. Operating systems provide a graphical user interface, which provides the computer with the ability install and run programs specifically written for the operating systems, as well as the power to manage folders and files. When applications are created, they are generally written for a specific operating system, although many of the more popular programs were developed crossplatform, meaning they were developed for multiple operating systems. The user needs to be aware of what programs they want when selecting a computer to be sure the operating system will support them. Memory Management See more: how to start an essay When an operating system manages the computer’s memory, there are two broad tasks to be accomplished. The processes need to be able to execute without overlapping into the memory space of another process, nor can it be run into by another process. Also, the memory in the system must be properly allocated to that all processes are running at their most efficient and effective. (â€Å"Techterms.com†, 2013). In order not to overlap, the operating system needs to set up limits for the software and individual applications. Random access memory (RAM) and memory caches are the main storage area for a computer and this is where data is read and written. RAM is a physical storage compartment found on the hard disk. Once the computer runs out of physical memory, it will start using virtual memory. (â€Å"Wisegeek.com†, 2013). As applications are ready to be loaded into memory, the operating system determines fixed block sizes in order to ensure the applications do not encroach on each other’s space. At any given time, the majority of RAM in your computer system is not being utilized, as a processor can only access one location at a time. This is where virtual memory management comes into play. Information is moved from RAM to hard disk to expand the RAM space. The operating system manages several different memory types including disk storage, high-speed cache, main memory, and secondary memory. Disk storage is the slowest; the fastest is high speed cache. In order to speed up system performance, cache controllers forecast which portions of data the CPU will use next and move it from main memory and into the cache. RAM is the main memory. Secondary memory generally serves at your virtual RAM is generally a sort of rotating magnetic storage under the control of the operating system. The operating system performs a balancing act based on the needs of the processes with the memory availability across the different types. (â€Å"Techterms.com†, 2013). Processor Management â€Å"A processor, or ‘microprocessor,’ is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second.† (â€Å"Techterms.com†, 2013).Managing the processor is all about two related issues – ensuring that each process and application receives enough of the processor’s time to function properly and using as many processor cycles as possible for real work. The processor’s basic unit is either a process or a thread; this is dependent on the operating system utilizing it. † A process, then, is software that performs some action and can be controlled — by a user, by other applications or by the operating system.† (â€Å"Howstuffworks.com†, 2013).The operating systems controls the processes and schedules them for execution by the CPU. The process can be an application that you are very well aware of, such a game, or they can be a process that works in the background that you aren’t even aware of such as disk management. The operating system manages the processes to run most efficiently. It may allow an application to start, then suspend it to deal with user input and interrupts. The CPU can only execute one task at a time, so the operation system needs to make the user believe there are several tasks being accomplished at the same time. You can have a multi-processor machine, but the processor is still only able of handling one task at a time. The operating system maintains this appearance by switching between processes thousands of times in a second. The operating system will make use of the registers, stacks and queues in order to buffer the next process by allotting CPU execution cycles to a program, then copying the registers, stacks and queues used by the processors, and pause it’s execution. It loads the second process’s data and copies the registers, stacks and queues and allows it a certain number of cycles. Once complete, it loads the first program. The operating system is responsible for the management of the computer system – files, devices, memory, and processors. In doing this it manages it’s various memory types and processes for efficiency. References Techterms.com. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.techterms.com/definition/operating_system Techterms.com. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.techterms.com/definition/processor Howstuffworks.com. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.howstuffworks.com/operating-system5.htm wiseGeek.com. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-memory-management-unit.htm

Everything is Illuminated-Jonathan Safran Foer

Introduction – The consequences of the grandparents' silence Many people have to bear heavy psychological burdens from the second world war without talking to anybody about their experiences. Because of the terrible war-experiences many of these people have a stubborn point of view, a total indifference towards new subjects and an incomprehensible behavior (cf. Bode 18). Moreover many â€Å"war-grandchildren† indicate huge problems with their parents and / or grandparents (cf. Bode 13). Furthermore many â€Å"war-grandchildren† tell about an uncertain awareness of life and their general lack of assurance (cf.Bode 13).The sentence â€Å"My own parents don't know who I really am† is not a rare occurrence (cf. Bode 17). Lots of these people are looking for the trails of their families' past and therefore try to research on their own behavior (cf. Bode 14). Dealing with the past and self-discovery are the main themes of the book â€Å"Everything is Illuminate d† from Jonathan Safran Foer. A following Analysis and Interpretation will show the process of coming to terms with the past and the self-discovery of the protagonists Jonathan Safran Foer, Alexander Perchow and his grandfather. The heavy searchThe following quotation from Cicero goes in line with Alex's and Jonathan's point of view. â€Å"Not to know what happened before you were born is to be a child foreverâ€Å". Jonathan, an American Jew, goes in quest of a woman, Augustine, who apparently saved his grandfather in the second world war from the Nazis. Jonathan particularly wants to find the small Jewish village Trachimbrod where the whole story of his family started. This search ends up in the Ukraine. With the help of the Russian interpreter Alex and his grandfather he wants to discover the history of his family.Pilgrimage is a centuries-old tradition and an important possibility of looking for one's roots and for one's self-discovery (cf. Và ¶kler). Jonathan takes a p hoto with him depicting his grandfather and a young woman (the woman who rescued him from the Nazis). The idea of his grandfather loving this young woman seems incredible to him, because he can't imagine that his grandfather loved other women than his grandmother. â€Å"It seems so improbable that he could have loved her. But isn't there something strange about the picture, the closeness between them, even though they're not looking at each other?The way that they aren't looking at each other. The distance† (Everything is Illuminated 61). â€Å"Part of me wants him to have loved her, and part of me hates to think it† (Everything is Illuminated 61). Jonathan notes everything in his diary he experiences during the journey. He points out that putting his thoughts down in writing releases him (cf. Và ¶kler). Alex tells that the less they see on the journey, the more he writes down (cf. Everything is Illuminated 115).This is also for coming to terms with the past and for h is self-discovery, he wants to capture every little experience of this voyage to get closer to his past and to get enough subjects for his story about his ancestors, that he writes after the journey. Ashamed Jonathan is a very dissatisfied person, he is dissatisfied with himself. This arises when Alex says that there is a darkness in Jonathan's laugh and when they both talk about their future (cf. Everything is Illuminated 69). When Alex says to Jonathan that he's a writer, he denies it at first, furthermore Jonathan doesn't want to admit that he has already published books (cf.Everything is Illuminated 69).The following dialog between Alex and Jonathan proves that Jonathan is everything else but self-satisfied. â€Å"I would love very much to read your stories. † â€Å"You probably won't like them. † â€Å"Why do you say that? † â€Å"I don't even like them. † (Everything is Illuminated 69). When Alex asks him for the reason of his writing, Jonathan answ ers that he used to think he was born to write but in the same moment he denies it again (cf. Everything is Illuminated 69-70). Jonathan feels that the sentence â€Å"I'm born to write† sounds cheap and terrible and he finds it hard to express himself (cf.Everything is Illuminated 70). He says that he wants to do something he's not ashamed of – not proud – just not ashamed (cf. Everything is Illuminated 70). The self-discovery Jonathan is a â€Å"war-grandchild† and his behavior perfectly goes in line with the statement that many â€Å"war-grandchildren† have an uncertain awareness of life and a general lack of assurance. These problems change at the end of their journey. Although they think they don't find Augustine nor get to know anything about Jonathan's grandfather, Jonathan finds himself because he discovers the trails of his family, Trachimbrod.He writes a fictive story about his ancestors that takes place in Trachimbrod, therefore he puts t he past behind and focuses up on his future. Jonathan can finally be happy. The self-confident young man Alex's development is much more discernible than Jonathan's and the process of his self-discovery is much clearer as well. Alexander Perchow lives with his parents, his brother and his grandfather in Odessa in Russia. In the beginning, the reader gets the impression of Alex as a tall, popular and self-confident young man. â€Å"I am unequivocally tall.I do not know any women who are taller than me† (Everything is Illuminated 3). â€Å"I have an aristocratic smile and like to punch people† (Everything is Illuminated 4). Alex says that he has many girls and that they all want to have sex with him, moreover he mentions that he often visits famous clubs (cf. Everything is Illuminated 2). It becomes obvious that Alex is looking for recognition by his family. For example his father asks him about his knowledge of English and he says that he speaks fluently although he doe sn't, he only wants to make his parents proud (cf.Everything is Illuminated 4). The relationship to the grandfather Alex is worried about his grandfather crying at night but this problem is hushed-up in the family. He doesn't talk a lot with his grandfather but when he does, it sounds always queer to him (cf. Everything is Illuminated 110). Alex is afraid of being alone with his grandfather because there is a distance between them and he knows that there is something wrong with this old man. His grandfather is hiding something that happened in the war.Because of this supposition Alex asks himself which terrible things he had done during the war (cf. Everything is Illuminated 74). Alex doesn't really know his grandfather, neither his real personality nor his past but his sadness frightens him a lot. When Alex's Grandfather talks for the first time about his parents he is astonished and does not know how to react. â€Å"It was the first occasion that I heard Grandfather speak of his parents, and I wanted to know very much of them† (Everything is Illuminated 111). â€Å"But I felt that it was a common decency for me to be quiet on the matter.He would speak when he needed to speak, and until that moment I would persevere silence† (Everything is Illuminated 111). This is a proof of the respect of the post-war generations towards the war-generation but also a proof for the interest in the past of Alex's grandfather. The â€Å"war-grandchildren† feel awkward about confronting the older generation with anything (cf. Bode 20). The relationship between them improves when the grandfather told Alex and Jonathan about his tragedy that happened in the war because therefore Alex can finally understand the sadness of his grandfather.At the end of the book, when Alex is at the beach and his grandfather tries to find him to ask for money it is the first time it doesn't feel weird to talk to his grandfather and the oppressive atmosphere doesn't exist anymore (cf. Everything is Illuminated 217). When his grandfather asks him not to tell anybody about his request for money, Alex feels relieved. â€Å"It had not occurred to me until he uttered it, but we have a secret. We have a thing amid us that no one else in the world knows, or could know. We have a secret together, and no longer asunder† (Everything is Illuminated 217).America, the last hope? Alexander has the dream of a better life in America and when his father asks him to travel with and translate for Jonathan, he can't wait to see an American. Alex wants to improve his life and wants to show that he also could be an American and become an accountant (cf. Everything is Illuminated 28). During the journey Alex asks Jonathan a lot about America and he tells him that Odessa is a city like Miami, although both know that Odessa isn't like Miami at all, but Alex doesn't want to make the impression that his life isn't very special.During their journey it gets clear that Alex isn't the self-confident, popular young man he pretends to be, one indication for this statement is when Alex says that he and Jonathan are like friends and therefore he feels entirely good for the first time he can remember (cf. Everything is Illuminated 72). Furthermore, at the end of the journey Alex says that he isn't a smart person and in a letter to Jonathan he admits that he mistakenly thought it might be more impressive pretending to be very tall (cf. Everything is Illuminated 24).These statements would have been impossible at the beginning and it shows a developing process. Alex doesn't deceive himself anymore (cf. Everything is Illuminated 179). In his letters to Jonathan he tells the whole truth and doesn't want to delude himself and others. He admits that he doesn't go to famous discotheques but spends many hours alone at the beach (cf. Everything is Illuminated 52), he also admits that he never became intimate with a girl (cf. Everything is Illuminated 144). Moreover Alex re alizes that he will never move to America nor visit the States (cf.Everything is Illuminated 241). The conflict The following dialog between Alex and his father at the beginning of the book proves that Alex is very dissatisfied with his life, that their point of views vary a lot and that his father doesn't know who his own son really is. â€Å"Why is it that I cannot go forth to America after I graduate? † â€Å"If you want to know why you cannot go forth to America, it is because Great-Grandfather was from Odessa, and Grandfather was from Odessa, and Father, me, was from Odessa, and your boys will be from Odessa.Also, you are going to toil at Heritage Touring when you are graduated. It is a necessary employment, premium enough for Grandfather, premium enough for me, and premium enough for you. † â€Å"But what if that is not what I desire? What if I do not want to toil at Heritage Touring, but instead toil someplace where I can do something unordinary, and make very much currency instead of just a petite amount? † (Everything is Illuminated 28-29). The relationship between Alex and his father is very bad, his father isn't important to him and he hates him because of his drinking problem (cf.Everything is Illuminated 103,145), but at the beginning of the book he has not the courage to resist. This changes the first time when Alex's father told him to come home with a girl after going to a club but Alex refuses to and just said â€Å"shut up† (cf. Everything is Illuminated 214). The second time Alex resists his father is at the end of the book, Alex asks his father to leave the family and never come back, he also flings not seeing him as a father in his teeth and gives him the money he originally saved for America (cf. Everything is Illuminated 274).This is the high point of the development of Alex's self-discovery. He frees himself of his father, doesn't lie to anyone anymore and especially not to himself. The transgenerational tran smission If parents from the war-generation didn't come to terms with their psychological injuries, according to Brisch, it could lead to a â€Å"transgenerational transmission of traumatic experiences, although the following generation itself wasn't exposed such trauma†. Therefore the consequences could be serious for children of the war-children (cf. Bode 80). This statement goes for the grandfather.He suffers from a depression because his wife died two years ago and since then he claims that he is blind (cf. Everything is Illuminated 5). The grandfather is blind in a different way, he can't stand to face the past and without his wife he doesn't have her support anymore, his life doesn't make sense anymore and he has no one to take his mind off the terrible war experiences. It gets clear that not only the death of his wife nags him, the roots of his sadness lie far deeper than that. The grandfather is the keeper of a dreadful secret that eventually destroys him and his depr ession deepens during the journey (cf.Everything is Illuminated 25). This is because â€Å"the journey becomes very painful to grandfather, because it forces him to relive terrible events and admit the things he's done† (cf. docstoc). The turn When Jonathan, Alex and the grandfather find the woman of whom they think she was Augustine, the grandfather's behavior changes in a jiffy. For the first time in the book he laughs with all his heart. â€Å"He was smiling so much, and I am not lying if I tell you that I had never seen him smile so much since grandmother was alive† (Everything is Illuminated 147-148).It becomes obvious that Alex's grandfather and Augustine become fond of each other and the impression that both know each other is given. The woman denies being Augustine but everyone feels certain about it. Alex recognizes her from the picture of Jonathan's grandfather and the grandfather says something interesting that is attributable to his own behavior. â€Å"It was her eyes that let me understand that she was, without a query, the Augustine from the picture† (Everything is Illuminated 148). â€Å"We must help her to remember. Many people try so rigidly to forget after the war that they can no longer remember† (Everything is Illuminated 151).The same is for the grandfather, he suppresses his past as well but with the return to his former home, the finding of Augustine and the questioning grandchild, he has no choice but telling the truth sooner or later. The truth When Augustine tells about two men, Herschel and Eli, who used to be best friends but Eli kills Herschel, the grandfather gets furious (cf. Everything is Illuminated 152). In this situation it gets clear that Augustine knows more about the grandfather than Alex and further that they know each other. The grandfather was called Eli prior to the second world war, but because of a tragedy he renamed himself Alexander.Eli tried to become someone else after the terrible thi ng he had done in the war. After leaving Augustine's place, grandfather admits the whole truth about his past. The Jew Herschel lived with Eli and his wife in Kolki, a village near to Trachimbrod. He used to be Eli's best friend but the Nazis put their friendship to the test. The Nazis demanded to betray the Jews otherwise everyone was shot dead. After that, Eli betrayed his best friend and pointed at Herschel because he didn't want to die (cf. Everything is Illuminated 250-251).First Alex is shocked about his grandfather and doesn't understand why he didn't tell anything. â€Å"I am not understanding. I am not understanding any of this. I do not understand that you are from Kolki, and why I never knew. I do not understand why you came on this voyage if you knew how close we would be† (Everything is Illuminated 247). This whole situation is very difficult for Alex but later he forgives his grandfather and is able to understand him. In the following quotation of Eli he talks t hings over and understands that he is the reason for his son's behavior and the bad relationship between Alex and his son.â€Å"I knew that I had to change everything to leave everything behind and I knew that I could never allow him to learn of who I was or what I did because it was for him that I did what I did it was for him that I pointed and for him that Herschel was murdered that I murdered Herschel and this is why he is how he is he is how he is because a father is always responsible for his son and I am I and I am responsible not for Herschel but for my son because I held him with so much force that he cried because I loved him so  much that I made love impossible and I am sorry for you and sorry for your brother and it is you who must forgive me† (Everything is Illuminated 251-252). It is important for the grandfather that he admits everything in the end, otherwise he could never get some peace.He comes to terms with the past and therefore kills himself so he can b e together with his wife and doesn't have to suffer anymore. Conclusion The demons of the past dog us everywhere in our lives. In the novel â€Å"Everything is Illuminated† from Jonathan Safran Foer, memories and a journey back to the past become the source of self-discovery (cf. Và ¶kler).Jonathan is very insecure about himself and can't stop the thoughts about his grandfather's former life until finally he can put the past behind because of writing down his fictive story about his ancestors. Alex doesn't really know himself because he doesn't know the past of his grandfather and therefore his relationship to his father is disturbed. At last Eli, Alex's grandfather, tells his secret from the war, so he can get some peace and therefore Alex knows the truth about him and the reason of his father's behavior. The journey to the past helps them all to open their eyes, find themselves and to put the past behind.

Verismo in classical music

Verismo in classical music Introduction Over time, there have been changes in the way performance art is presented. Classical music has not been an exception since it advances as different composers use different modes to express themselves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Verismo in classical music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Verismo is a unique style of music which expresses every day happenings in society. It makes use of ordinary settings to communicate to the audience. This paper is going to look at Verismo in relation to classical music and with reference to various composers. Discussion Verismo refers to the composition of classical music based on natural elements and it was introduced to Italy in the late 19th Century. This genre of opera was related to both truth and realism in performance. Composers of this genre focused more on reality rather than on sentimental subjects and portrayed real life issues. This was made possible by the use people in simple contemporary dresses. Verismo also used the rural and impoverished society as opposed to the aristocrats. Composers used ordinary people to communicate and the themes were some times violent. This made it possible to bring out the humility of people in the plots. It is a genre that shows every day life (Samson, 2001). There are two different types of verismo. The first one is the nationalism of cavalleria which is both lyrical and choral and it is more popular. It depicts brutality, passion and poverty. The other type of verismo is bourgeois nationalism by Trisri Amore. Poor people are used by composers to clearly bring out the unique features of verismo by depicting the real life of ordinary people rather than noble figures in society. This makes verismo a genre that was in touch with reality. Verismo is able to show the bad side of life with most unfortunate incidents that life has to offer (Samson, 2001). Unlike in verismo, the verdian genre which procee ded verismo placed more emphasis on the human voice. The singing was much heavier than in verismo and was sometimes more lyrical. The vocal requirements in Verdi and verismo were different. Verismo requires a much stronger produced tone with little emphasis on vocal niceties.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The role of verismo in classical music can be best illustrated through the works of different classical music composers like Ruggero Leoncavallo. Verismo composers do not only perform classical music for it to appeal to the audience vocally but to portray the feelings of a character. The whole set of performance has to reflect a certain action and the opera has to be continuous. It would therefore not be possible to select parts of the opera and perform them separately. There is however an exception of a few operas such as Cavalleria Rustiana and Tosca which have cho ruses and duets that can be easily excerpted and performed in concerts (Boyden, 2002). Verismo was largely influenced by the works of Richard Wagner although there was a difference in the use of orchestra by Wagner and Verismo composers. The orchestra in Wagner did not have to follow what was being presented by the singer. After Verdi, verismo incorporated real life situations into classical music. Ruggero Leoncavallo was the main contributor to verismo and he emphasized on every person’s role in society. He was interested in real life scenarios and insisted that every individual should take responsibility over their life as well as the lives of those around them. He did not base his music on noble themes but rather on the stories of ordinary people. His most famous composition was the pagliacci which was based on a murder that had occurred. His compositions were different from the Romantic Italian Opera and he was able to make use of theatrical effects in opera. Ruggero†™s compositions were based on real cases that his father presided over. I Pagliacci which was his best opera was based on the relationships of performers and the jealousy that existed among them. Verdi paved way for verismo since it was after he had stopped composing that Puccini and other composer’s embraced verismo and incorporated realism in their classical music (Boyden, 2002). Francesco Cilea was another composer who significantly contributed to verismo. In his verismo composition L’arlesiana, he brought out the idea of French naturalism in music. There was gradual advancement of negative emotion in the lyrical conversation that eventually led to the death of Federico who was a young protagonist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Verismo in classical music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was a classical example of verismo with the performance embracing natural occurrences of every day life. In his other composition Adriana Levouveur there was a lot of emotion expressed and realism as well and it is the composition that made him famous in the world of verismo. Umberto Giordano used international political situations that were happening in real life. His compositions were based on a modern historical setting which helped to bring out the idea of verismo (Pistone, 1995). In contrast to Verdi, verismo did not accept mythological and historical subjects. Verismo usually had violent plots that led to murder caused by sexual violence. It was at the same time melodramatic and very realistic. It was able to bring together the sensational and the sordid aspects common people. The music devices that were used in verismo to bring out realism were melodies and that were depicted emotion. Solo voices were also used to make passionate declamations (Scherer, 2007). There were composers such as Giacomo Puccini who did not entirely follow the verist opera. Some of his works were however perfectly verist for instance in La Bohà ¨me which depicted four poor artists living in Paris and a more impoverished girl earning a living from doing embroidery. Although controversial, Giacomo Puccini was the initial composer of verismo to join opera after Verdi. Most of his compositions revolved around suicide or death caused by the betrayal of a loved one. La Bohà ¨me revolved around Rodolfo and Mimi who were lovers and their feted love affair. The performers were able to charm and at the same time inform viewers. The song sung by Rodolfo at the end of the first Act to Mimi was able to bring out a lot of emotion in the way Rodolfo described himself. In this song, Puccini was able to incorporate the correct theme, tone and characters that made the performance to be verist. He was expected to have very high quality work since he had succeeded the very influential and famous Giuseppe Verdi. He was able to comfortably tackle any subject that would bring out verismo. The subjects mainly revolved around revenge, seduction, sex, betrayal, revenge, death and murder. He was able to incorporate sadistic passions and dramatic actions into his classical music. Madame Butterfly is composed in a very interesting setting which was based on the way a Japanese bride was viewed by her groom who was an American Sailor. It ends with a girl committing suicide on stage. This was a clear indication of realism that is embraced in verismo (Scherer, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the classical verismo songs were in an anti-legito and vociferous way. They would strain their vocals of singers while performing by forcing their high tones. Because of this strain, they would not be able to perform for long periods of time. Some of the verismo singers included Adelaide Saraceni and Rosina Storchio. Pietro Mascagni also composed verismo. In his Cavalleria Rusticana, he was able to deliver a good example of verismo which showed the bad side that life had to offer as was the case in most verismo compositions. It depicted love and jealousy that were present in a village. Ave Maria was an interlude in the opera which show cased true verist style and emotion. This led it to become a stand alone piece. The opera ends with death which was as a result of romantic betrayal. Pietro’s role as a composer of verismo was only evident in Cavalleria Rusticana as his other works did not meet the standards he had set in his first composition (Boyden, 2002). Conclusion Verismo was a unique kind of classical music that used simple people and material to communicate. It was very real and reflected the lives and issues facing ordinary people. The performers therefore had to be able to effectively express emotion. Most of the verismo compositions only lasted a few minutes within which they would communicate about real life situations in a melodramatic manner. Most of the composers of this genre of music were Italian since it was often tied to Italy’s culture and language. References List Boyden, M. (2002). The Rough Guide to Opera. City: Rough Guides Limited. Pistone, D. (1995). Nineteenth-Century Italian Opera from Rossini to Puccini. Portland: Amadeus Press. Samson, J. (2001). The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Scherer, B. (2007). A History of American Classical Music:. City: Naxos Books.

Facebook Manic Essay Essay Example

Facebook Manic Essay Essay Example Facebook Manic Essay Essay Facebook Manic Essay Essay Facebook is a societal networking service launched in February 4. 2004. owned and operated by Facebook. Incorporated. The name of the service stems from the conversational name for the book given to pupils at the start of the academic twelvemonth by some university disposals in the United States to assist pupils acquire to cognize each other. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roomies and fellow Harvard University pupils Eduardo Saverin ( concern facets ) . Andrew McCollum. ( in writing creative person ) . Dustin Moskovitz ( coder ) . and Chris Hughes. Harmonizing to The Harvard Crimson. the site was comparable to â€Å"Hot or Not† and used exposures compiled from the on-line facebooks of nine houses. puting two following to each other at a clip and inquiring users to take the ‘hotter’ individual. The website’s rank was ab initio limited by the laminitiss to Harvard pupils. but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston country. the Ivy League. and Stanford University. It bit by bit added support for pupils at assorted other universities before opening to high school pupils. and finally to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook has affected the societal life and activity of people in assorted ways. With its handiness on many nomadic devices. Facebook allows users to continuously remain in touch with friends. relations and other familiarities wherever they are in the universe. every bit long as there is entree to the Internet. It can besides unite people with common involvements and/or beliefs through groups and other pages. and has been known to reunite lost household members and friends because of the widespread range of its web. January 2009 Compete. com survey ranked Facebook as the most used societal networking service by world-wide monthly active users. Quantcast estimations Facebook has 138. 9 million monthly alone U. S. visitants in May 2011. Harmonizing to Social Media Today. in April 2010 an estimated 41. 6 % of the U. S. population had a Facebook history. Facebook has turned into a national compulsion in the United States. ensuing in huge sums of clip lost and encouraging self-love. Facebook being one of the most celebrated societal networking site comes with it’s ain pros and cons. There are many disadvantages of utilizing facebook. Many people believe that facebook has a batch of advantages and is convenient to utilize. But they ignore all the disadvantages that come with it. Excess of everything is bad and the statement is true for facebook.